In the ever-expanding field of longevity research, a multitude of regimens and "biohackers" promise to slow aging, often without solid scientific backing. Dr. Joe Schwarcz, writing from a historical perspective, explores this landscape, contrasting questionable practices with evidence-based approaches championed by experts like cardiologist Dr. Eric Topol.
Historical Pursuits of Eternal Youth
Throughout history, humanity has sought ways to defy aging, from Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang's quest for immortality potions and his terracotta army to Cleopatra's donkey milk baths. Renaissance alchemist Paracelsus believed in extracting "arcana" from nature to prolong life, while 19th-century figures like Charles Brown-Sequard experimented with dubious rejuvenation methods, including testicular extracts. More recent fads have included royal jelly, megadoses of vitamins, and growth hormone injections, often lacking rigorous proof.
The Modern Explosion of Aging Research
Today, legitimate scientific studies on aging have multiplied, focusing on antioxidants, nicotinamide riboside supplements, stem cell therapies, gene editing, and telomere-lengthening drugs. However, Dr. Schwarcz cautions that while this research is promising, more evidence is needed before these interventions can be widely recommended. He notes that many "biohackers" prematurely adopt such methods, risking potential harm without verified benefits.
Biohacking Extremes: The Case of Bryan Johnson
A prime example is Bryan Johnson, who spends approximately $2 million annually on his anti-aging regimen. He consumes around 100 daily supplements, including butyric acid, collagen peptides, and ashwagandha, despite limited evidence for their efficacy. Johnson also employs strict lifestyle measures, such as light exposure for circadian rhythm, a plant-based, calorie-restricted diet, and rigorous exercise. Dr. Schwarcz points out that this remains an "experiment of N=1" with uncertain long-term outcomes and questionable extrapolation to others.
Dr. Peter Attia: A Mixed Approach to Longevity
Dr. Peter Attia, a longevity specialist, emphasizes risk management through exercise and cholesterol control, aligning with mainstream medical advice. He is skeptical of supplements and advocates for early pharmaceutical intervention when necessary. However, his background as a general surgeon who left residency early and his high fees—sometimes over $100,000—raise concerns. Recent revelations about his association with Jeffrey Epstein further tarnish his reputation, according to Dr. Schwarcz.
Dr. Eric Topol: The Evidence-Based Standout
In contrast, Dr. Schwarcz highlights cardiologist Dr. Eric Topol as a credible voice in longevity science. Topol has extensively studied "super agers," individuals in their 80s free from chronic conditions, and boasts an impressive record of over 1,300 peer-reviewed papers and significant NIH funding. His research underscores that longevity is not solely genetic but heavily influenced by lifestyle factors like regular exercise, a healthy diet, adequate sleep, and strong social connections.
Topol's Personal Longevity Practices
Dr. Topol applies his findings to his own life, avoiding supplements and ultra-processed foods, following a Mediterranean diet without red meat, and prioritizing exercise as a key intervention. He starts his day with non-fat Greek yogurt and berries, eats nuts for lunch, and enjoys salmon-topped salads for dinner. Dr. Schwarcz concludes that while Johnson is a curiosity and Attia presents a mixed bag, Topol represents the "real deal" in evidence-based longevity advice.
As aging research continues to evolve, distinguishing between science and hype remains crucial for those seeking a healthier, longer life.
