With the closure of Hudson's Bay Company, Canada's oldest continuously operating company, the question of which business now holds that title arises. Hudson's Bay, founded in 1670, shut down its remaining stores in 2025, ending a 355-year legacy. The company, originally a fur trading enterprise, had become a retail icon before its demise due to financial struggles and changing consumer habits.
Contenders for Canada's Oldest Company
Several other Canadian businesses have long histories. The Montreal Gazette, founded in 1778, is one of the oldest newspapers in North America. Molson Coors, established in 1786, remains a major brewer. Other candidates include RBC Royal Bank (founded 1869) and Canadian Tire (1922). However, the Gazette and Molson are often cited as the oldest surviving companies after Hudson's Bay.
The Montreal Gazette
Founded by Fleury Mesplet, the Gazette has been publishing for over 245 years. It has weathered numerous changes in ownership and format, transitioning from a French-language paper to an English-language daily. Its longevity is a testament to its adaptability in the evolving media landscape.
Molson Coors
John Molson founded his brewery in Montreal in 1786, making it one of the oldest breweries in the world. The company has grown through mergers and acquisitions, including the 2005 merger with Coors. Today, it operates globally, but its roots remain in Canadian history.
Other Notable Old Companies
Several other businesses have long histories but may not be continuously operating under the same name or structure. For instance, Loblaw Companies traces its roots to 1882, and Sun Life Financial to 1865. However, the title of oldest company is often contested due to mergers, name changes, and interruptions in operations.
Experts note that defining the oldest company depends on criteria such as continuous operation, same industry, and legal entity. While the Montreal Gazette and Molson are strong contenders, some argue that Fairmont Le Château Frontenac (1893) or St. Lawrence Seaway (1959) are not as old. Ultimately, the answer may vary based on interpretation.
Historical Significance
The loss of Hudson's Bay marks a significant moment in Canadian history. As the country's oldest company, it symbolized the nation's evolution from a fur trade colony to a modern economy. Its closure leaves a void, but other historic businesses continue to carry forward the legacy of Canadian enterprise.
Whether it's the Montreal Gazette, Molson, or another firm, the title of Canada's oldest company is a reminder of the country's rich commercial heritage. As new businesses emerge, these enduring institutions stand as pillars of continuity.
